What is the main goal of functional communication training (FCT)?

The main goal of functional communication training (FCT) is to teach clients an appropriate way to communicate their needs instead of engaging in problem behavior. This approach is grounded in the understanding that many challenging behaviors (like aggression, tantrums, or self-injury) often serve a communicative function. When individuals lack the ability to express their needs effectively, they may resort to problem behaviors as a means of getting attention, obtaining items, or escaping situations. FCT aims to replace these maladaptive behaviors with functional communication skills that allow individuals to express themselves in a socially acceptable manner.

By providing clients with a means of communication (such as verbalization, sign language, or the use of communication devices), they can learn to request help, necessities, or express their feelings appropriately. This not only reduces the occurrence of problem behaviors but also enhances their ability to interact with caregivers and peers, thereby supporting their overall development.

The focus of FCT is not primarily on promoting physical activity, improving academic performance, or socialization, though these may be ancillary benefits. The core aim remains on replacing problematic behaviors with effective communication strategies.